查看完整版本: 古琴与古筝的区别

寸心 2008-6-18 21:06

古琴与古筝的区别

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:fV7LJR}#ct8S <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guqin" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古琴</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是我国历史最悠久的弹拨类乐器，形成了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">3000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年前的，传说为“伏羲”、“神农”氏所造；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guzheng/" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古筝</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则晚得多，形成于秦代，相传秦时有婉无义者，将瑟（乐器）传与两个女子，二女要争，引破为二，所以称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秦筝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这是两者形成年代上的区别。</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其二，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guqin" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古琴</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">琴身以独木所成，琴面系有七根弦，故古称“七弦琴”。琴弦由丝绒绳系住，拴绕于弦轴上，属弹拨乐类的“无马乐器”；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guzheng/" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古筝</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则由框板、面板和底板构成。最早的筝为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根弦，战国末期发展成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弦，隋代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弦，清代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弦，上世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">21</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弦，近年增加到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弦。琴弦均匀排列于筝面上，每根弦均由人字形的弦马支起，属弹拨乐类的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有马乐器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其三，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guqin" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古琴</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽只有七根弦，但一弦多音，其音域宽达四个多八度，借助面板上的十三个“琴徵”，可以弹奏出许许多多的泛音和按音。音色含蓄而深沉，古朴而典雅，表现力富有内涵，异常丰富，故古时被文人雅士列为“琴、棋、书、画”之首；而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guzheng/" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古筝</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基本上是一弦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个音，同一弦中移动弦马（柱），可以调作音高，音域宽广，音量宏大，音色淳厚优美，悠扬悦耳。</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> <BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其四，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guqin" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古琴</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">琴谱自成一格，古时称为“文字谱”，到了唐朝后称“减字谱”；而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><A href="http://www.guqu.net/guzheng/" target=_blank><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>古筝</SPAN></SPAN></U></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">古时多用“工尺谱”，现今多用“简谱”、“五线谱”。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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查看完整版本: 古琴与古筝的区别